Duration of the online course: 3 hours and 31 minutes
New
Free Yale astronomy course explaining orbits, rockets, propulsion, and how satellites work, from LEO to GEO, payloads, power, and communications.
In this free course, learn about
Foundations of Orbits and Space
Earth Orbits in Practice: LEO, MEO, GEO and Beyond
How Rockets Work: Propulsion, Staging, and Launch
Satellite Systems: Payloads, Power, Communications, and Testing
Real-World Missions and Course Wrap-Up
Course Description
Rocket Science for Everyone is a free online astronomy course from Yale Courses that makes spaceflight concepts approachable for curious learners and hobbyists. It connects everyday technology to the physics that makes rockets, satellites, and space missions possible, helping you build intuition without needing an advanced technical background.
You will explore what an orbit is, where space begins, and how Earths orbital neighborhoods work, including low, medium, and geostationary orbits. Along the way, you will learn how to compare orbital paths and understand why satellites behave differently depending on altitude and trajectory, including polar coverage and the role of speed in staying in orbit.
The course also breaks down the core laws of motion that explain how rockets fly and why aircraft cannot simply climb into space. You will dive into key propulsion ideas such as solid and advanced rocket types, the rocket equation and its implications for fuel and design, and why multistage rockets are used to reach higher speeds and farther destinations.
To round out the big picture, you will examine what satellites carry and how they function, from payloads and solar power to radio communication and imaging systems that support everything from scientific discovery to tools you use every day. Real mission context and launch considerations help tie the physics to practical outcomes, showing how teams plan, build, and operate spacecraft from launch to operations.
Course content
Video class: 1.1 | Why Rocket Science Matters | Rocket Science for Everyone with Yale’s Marla Geha01m
Exercise: Which everyday activity is used as an example of relying on satellites orbiting about 12,000 miles away?
Video class: 1.2 | What Is an Orbit | Rocket Science for Everyone: How Satellites Orbit with Yale’s Marla Geha05m
Exercise: What best defines an object being in orbit around Earth?
Video class: 1.3 | Where Does Space Begin? | The Karman Line | Rocket Science for Everyone with Yale’s Marla Geha05m
Exercise: What altitude is the internationally accepted boundary where space begins (the Kármán line)?
Video class: 1.4 | Earth’s Orbital Regions | LEO, MEO, GEO in Rocket Science for Everyone with Yale’s Marla Geha03m
Exercise: Which orbital region is defined as 2,000 to 30,000 km above Earth and is where GPS satellites operate?
Video class: 1.5 | Decoding Orbits: Kepler’s Laws08m
Exercise: According to Kepler's third law, what happens to a satellite's orbital period as its orbital distance (semi-major axis) from Earth increases?
Video class: 2.1 | Low Earth Orbit: LEO Satellites13m
Exercise: Why does the Hubble Space Telescope orbit higher than the International Space Station?
Video class: 2.2 | Medium Earth Orbit11m
Exercise: Why are GPS satellites placed in medium Earth orbit (around 20,000 km) rather than low Earth orbit?
Video class: 2.3 | Satellites That Never Move? GEO Orbits | Rocket Science for Everyone with Yale’s Marla Geha09m
Exercise: What condition must be met for a satellite to appear fixed in one spot in the sky?
Video class: 2.4 | LEO, MEO, GEO: Comparing Earth’s Orbits | Rocket Science for Everyone with Yale’s Marla Geha12m
Video class: 2.5 | Mapping the Earth: Polar06m
Exercise: Why are polar orbits especially useful for mapping the entire Earth in detail?
Video class: 2.6 | Orbital Flight: Speed08m
Video class: 2.7 | Deeper Dive: Kepler’s Law16m
Exercise: Approximately how high above Earth’s surface must a geosynchronous satellite orbit to have a 24-hour period?
Video class: 3.1 | Newton's Laws: How Rockets Fly07m
Exercise: Why can a satellite keep moving in orbit even after its engine turns off?
Video class: 3.2 | Why Planes Can’t Reach Space | Rocket Science for Everyone with Yale’s Marla Geha05m
Exercise: Why can’t a satellite use a jet engine to reach orbit?
Video class: 3.3 | Solid11m
Exercise: What is a key advantage of liquid rocket engines compared to solid rocket motors?
Video class: 3.4 | The Rocket Equation: Why 95% Fuel Won’t Cut It | Rocket Science with Yale’s Marla Geha12m
Exercise: According to the rocket equation, which factor most directly limits why a baking soda–vinegar rocket cannot reach orbit?
Video class: 3.5 | Go Further, Faster! Multistage Rockets | Rocket Science for Everyone with Yale's Marla Geha10m
Exercise: What is the main advantage of using multiple rocket stages during launch?
Video class: 3.6 | Unlock Orbital Speed: Launching Rockets | Rocket Science for Everyone with Marla Geha07m
Exercise: To maximize the extra delta V gained from Earth’s rotation when launching to orbit, which launch strategy is best?
Video class: 3.7 | Electric, Nuclear07m
Exercise: Why can electric propulsion (ion rockets) be useful in orbit but not for launching from Earth?
Video class: 4.1 | Understanding Satellite Payloads | Rocket Science for Everyone with Marla Geha04m
Exercise: Which satellite component is the main structural element that holds the satellite’s “guts and brains” together?
Video class: 4.2 | Powering Satellites: Solar Panels05m
Exercise: Why do Earth-orbiting satellites typically use both solar panels and rechargeable batteries?
Video class: 4.3 | How Satellites Talk: Radio Waves | Rocket Science for Everyone with Yale’s Marla Geha08m
Exercise: Why are radio waves commonly used for satellite communication with Earth?
Video class: 4.4 | Hubble to Your Phone: Space Cameras | Rocket Science for Everyone with Yale’s Marla Geha09m
Exercise: What best explains how a digital camera on a satellite forms an image?
Video class: 4.5 | Satellite Survival: Launch07m
Exercise: What is the main purpose of a thermal vacuum chamber test for a satellite?
Video class: 5.1 | Satellite Launches: Sputnik, SWOT09m
Video class: 5.2 | Over and Out: Meet the Team | Rocket Science for Everyone with Yale’s Marla Geha01m
Exercise: Which contribution is credited with creating the animated visualizations used throughout the class?