Sampling Design and Survey Bias Quiz

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1. 1

   A researcher assigns every employee a number and uses a random number generator to select 20 employees. Which sampling design is being used?

   

   A Simple random sampling B Cluster sampling C Systematic sampling
2. 2

   A university divides students by year level and randomly samples students from every year. Which design does this describe?

   A Convenience sampling B Stratified random sampling C Cluster sampling
3. 3

   In the diagram, several neighborhoods are randomly selected and every household within those neighborhoods is surveyed. Which design is shown?

   

   A Stratified sampling B Simple random sampling of households C One-stage cluster sampling
4. 4

   A systematic sample from a numbered list selects units 8, 23, 38, 53, and so on. What is the sampling interval?

   

   A 15 B 8 C 23
5. 5

   Why can systematic sampling be risky when the sampling frame has a repeating pattern?

   A It makes the population size impossible to determine B The sampling interval may align with the pattern and produce an unrepresentative sample C It prevents researchers from choosing a random starting point
6. 6

   Researchers randomly select counties, then schools within those counties, and finally students within those schools. What is this design?

   A Quota sampling B One-stage cluster sampling C Multistage sampling
7. 7

   A survey about internet use draws its sample only from a directory of households with fixed broadband service. What is the primary problem?

   

   A Undercoverage bias B Recall bias C Interviewer bias
8. 8

   A selected group is less likely to answer a survey, and its opinions differ systematically from those of respondents. Which error is most directly threatened?

   A Randomization error from assigning treatments B Nonresponse bias C Coverage error in the sampling frame
9. 9

   A questionnaire asks, “How much do you support the responsible policy that will protect local jobs?” What problem does this wording introduce?

   A Sampling variability B Undercoverage C Leading-question response bias
10. 10

    A population is sampled at different rates across strata. Which weight is generally assigned to each sampled unit before further adjustments?

    A The inverse of the unit's inclusion probability B The inclusion probability itself C The total population divided by the number of strata
11. 11

    When clusters vary greatly in population, what does probability-proportional-to-size sampling do at the cluster-selection stage?

    

    A Gives every cluster the same selection probability regardless of size B Gives larger clusters a greater probability of selection C Selects only clusters larger than the median size
12. 12

    A complex survey estimate has a design effect of 1.8 relative to a simple random sample. What does this mean?

    A Its standard error is exactly 1.8 times as large B Its sample size is 1.8 times the population size C Its variance is 1.8 times the variance under simple random sampling
13. 13

    A simple random sample without replacement includes 600 of the 1,000 members of a population. Which adjustment should reduce the estimated standard error?

    

    A Finite population correction B Nonresponse inflation factor C Continuity correction