Exercises
Challenge your understanding of process scheduling in operating systems. This quiz covers the goals of CPU scheduling and key concepts such as time-sharing, time slices, context switches, waiting time, and preemptive versus non-preemptive policies. Explore widely used algorithms including First-Come, First-Served (FCFS), Shortest Job First (SJF), and Priority Scheduling. You will also review common scheduling problems, such as the convoy effect and starvation, along with techniques like aging that can improve fairness. Ideal for students learning OS fundamentals or anyone refreshing their knowledge of how an operating system selects processes for CPU execution.
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The primary goal of process scheduling is to maximize CPU utilization. This ensures that the CPU is actively working on processes as much as possible.
Round Robin is a commonly used scheduling algorithm, especially in time-sharing systems, as it handles multiple processes in a cyclic order, giving each a time slice.
In time-sharing systems, a time slice is a fixed duration during which a process is allowed to run on the CPU before it is swapped out for another process.
The main disadvantage of FCFS scheduling is that it can lead to long waiting times, especially if a long process is at the front of the queue, causing the 'convoy effect.'
A context switch involves saving the state of the currently running process and loading the state of the next process in the schedule. This is crucial for multitasking.
The Shortest Job Next (SJN) algorithm minimizes the average waiting time because it gives preference to shorter processes, reducing queue time for subsequent processes.
The main drawback of Shortest Job First (SJF) scheduling is the need for prior knowledge of each process’s length, which can be difficult to predict accurately.
First-Come, First-Served (FCFS) is a non-preemptive scheduling policy, meaning once a process starts execution, it runs to completion without being preempted.
Starvation occurs when low-priority processes wait indefinitely due to high-priority processes continually taking CPU time, often in Priority Scheduling.
Aging is a mechanism used to improve Priority Scheduling by gradually increasing the priority of processes that wait in the queue for a long time, thus avoiding starvation.
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