Exercises
Explore how trigonometry is used to represent and manipulate complex numbers. This quiz covers modulus, principal argument, trigonometric form, multiplication, division, powers, and nth roots. It also examines the geometric patterns formed by roots in the complex plane. The notation cis θ is used as shorthand for cos θ + i sin θ. Questions range from foundational conversions to applications of De Moivre's theorem.
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The modulus is |z| = √((-3)² + (3√3)²) = √(9 + 27) = √36 = 6.
The point lies in quadrant IV. Since tan θ = -√3, its reference angle is π/3, so the principal argument is -π/3.
The point is four units from the origin on the negative imaginary axis. Its modulus is 4 and a standard argument is 3π/2.
When complex numbers in trigonometric form are multiplied, their moduli multiply and their arguments add: 2 × 3 = 6 and π/6 + 3π/4 = 11π/12.
For division, divide the moduli and subtract the arguments. Thus 8 ÷ 2 = 4 and 5π/6 - π/3 = π/2, giving 4 cis(π/2).
De Moivre's theorem gives (√2)⁴ cis(4 × π/4) = 4 cis π. Since cis π = -1, the result is -4.
Cube roots have modulus ∛8 = 2. Their arguments are (0 + 2kπ)/3, so the roots are 2 cis(2kπ/3) for k = 0, 1, 2.
Every nonzero complex number has exactly n distinct nth roots. Therefore, z⁴ = 16 has four distinct complex solutions.
The cube roots are 1, cis(2π/3), and cis(4π/3). Their real and imaginary components cancel, so their sum is 0.
The roots have modulus √4 = 2 and arguments π/3 and π/3 + π = 4π/3. The angle 4π/3 lies in quadrant III, so the required root is 2 cis(4π/3).

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