First Aid for Fractures and Dislocations

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1. 1

   Before focusing on a visibly injured limb, what should a first aider do first?

   A Ensure safety and address immediate threats to airway, breathing, and circulation B Straighten the limb to determine how badly it is injured C Apply a splint before completing any other assessment
2. 2

   Which finding shown in the injured lower leg most strongly suggests a fracture rather than a mild sprain?

   

   A Mild redness around the ankle B Visible deformity of the lower leg C A superficial scrape on the shin
3. 3

   What is the appropriate first aid for an open fracture with bone visible through a wound?

   A Push the exposed bone back beneath the skin B Rinse deeply inside the wound and straighten the limb C Call emergency services and cover the wound without pressing on the exposed bone
4. 4

   A person's injured foot rests at an unusual angle as shown. How should the limb normally be supported while awaiting emergency care?

   

   A In the position found, with padding placed around it B After rotating the foot until it matches the uninjured side C With firm traction applied continuously
5. 5

   Which group of checks should be performed beyond a suspected fracture before and after immobilization?

   

   A Temperature, blood pressure, and hearing B Pulse or capillary refill, sensation, skin color, and movement C Pupil size, speech, and memory
6. 6

   When splinting the suspected lower-leg fracture shown, which joints should generally be immobilized?

   

   A Only the nearest toe joints B The hip and wrist C The knee and ankle
7. 7

   What should a first aider do for a suspected joint dislocation?

   A Support it in the position found and obtain medical help B Pull firmly until the joint returns to its socket C Repeatedly move the joint to test its range
8. 8

   How should a cold pack be used on a closed fracture or dislocation?

   A Place it directly on bare skin until the area becomes numb B Wrap it in cloth and apply it for short intervals while monitoring the skin C Place it beneath a tight splint to create pressure
9. 9

   A person may have fractured the pelvis after a fall. When should the person be moved by a first aider?

   A Whenever lying still becomes uncomfortable B To test whether the person can stand C Only when necessary for immediate safety, lifesaving care, or emergency instructions
10. 10

    Why should a suspected thighbone fracture be treated as a major emergency?

    A It can cause severe internal bleeding and shock B It always produces an open wound C It prevents all injuries to nearby nerves
11. 11

    The arm sling shown leaves the injured hand hanging well below the elbow. What adjustment is generally needed?

    

    A Remove all support from the elbow B Raise and support the hand slightly above the elbow C Tighten the sling until the fingertips turn pale
12. 12

    During the fingertip test shown, what result generally indicates normal capillary refill in a warm person?

    

    A The nail remains white for more than 10 seconds B The entire finger becomes blue C Normal color returns within about 2 seconds
13. 13

    Which development after a limb injury may indicate acute compartment syndrome and requires urgent emergency assessment?

    A Rapidly worsening severe pain with tight swelling and numbness B A small bruise that gradually fades C Mild stiffness that improves with rest
14. 14

    The highlighted area of ankle tenderness is directly over a bony prominence. Why is this finding important?

    

    A It proves that no fracture is present B Bony tenderness increases concern for a fracture and medical evaluation C It means the person should immediately run on the ankle
15. 15

    A finger with a suspected fracture begins swelling while the person is wearing a ring. What should be done?

    A Push the ring farther toward the hand B Leave it in place until swelling is severe C Remove it early if this can be done gently and safely
16. 16

    Why should a child with persistent pain near the end of a bone receive medical evaluation even when deformity is absent?

    A A growth-plate injury may be subtle but can affect bone development B Children cannot sustain ligament injuries C All childhood fractures create immediate visible deformity
17. 17

    What is the main problem with the improvised splint shown against the injured leg?

    

    A The rigid support is too smooth B There is no padding between the rigid support and the limb C The person's shoe remains visible
18. 18

    An open fracture is bleeding heavily around protruding bone. Where should pressure be applied?

    A Directly onto the protruding bone end B Only to the uninjured limb C Around the wound while avoiding pressure on exposed bone
19. 19

    A casualty with a major fracture becomes pale, clammy, and confused. What is the best response?

    A Call emergency services, keep the person still and warm, and monitor breathing B Give food and encourage the person to walk C Massage the injured limb vigorously