Free online courseFoundations of Modern Social Theory

Course Description

The course "Foundations of Modern Social Theory," led by Iván Szelényi, spans a comprehensive 19 hours and 44 minutes. This course falls under the category of Basic studies, specifically within the subcategory of Sociology, and invites students to traverse the transformative ideas that have shaped modern social theory.

Beginning with an introduction, the course sets the stage for a deep dive into the philosophical underpinnings of social structures and relations. It starts by examining the foundational ideas of Thomas Hobbes, focusing on the concepts of authority, human rights, and social order. This sets the framework for understanding how societies maintain cohesion and authority.

The journey continues with John Locke's reflections on equality, freedom, property, and the right to dissent, presenting a critical examination of individual rights and the foundations of democratic governance. This is followed by Montesquieu’s theory on the division of powers, highlighting the importance of checks and balances in political systems.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau's exploration of popular sovereignty and the general will further enriches the discussion on democratic ideals, offering insights into the collective decision-making processes. Rousseau's thoughts on the state of nature and education are also delved into, underscoring his vision of human development and the inherent qualities of humans in their natural state.

The course then shifts to utilitarianism and the concept of liberty, encapsulated in the works of John Stuart Mill, providing a lens through which to view individual freedom and societal happiness. This is complemented by Adam Smith's seminal idea of the "invisible hand," which articulates the self-regulating nature of free markets.

A significant portion of the course is dedicated to Karl Marx, beginning with his theory of alienation, which critiques the estrangement of individuals in capitalist societies. Marx's theory of historical materialism is discussed in two segments, elaborating on the materialistic interpretation of history and societal development. Further, Marx's theory of history and his perspectives on class and exploitation provide a critical understanding of economic disparities and social stratification.

Friedrich Nietzsche's insights on power, knowledge, and morality offer a thought-provoking examination of the dynamics of power and ethical constructs. Sigmund Freud's theories on sexuality and civilization delve into the complexities of human psyche and societal norms.

Max Weber's multifaceted theories are explored extensively; his analysis of Protestantism and capitalism illuminates the cultural underpinnings of economic systems. The conceptual foundations of his theory of domination, alongside his categorizations of traditional, charismatic, and legal-rational authority, present a comprehensive framework for understanding authority structures. Weber's theory of class is also examined, shedding light on social hierarchies and economic relationships.

Emile Durkheim's contribution to sociology is highlighted through his theories on social solidarity, anomie, and suicide. Durkheim's examination of social facts underscores the impact of societal norms and values on individual behavior.

Throughout this thoughtfully structured course, Iván Szelényi guides learners through a meticulously organized exploration of key social theorists and their groundbreaking ideas. Although not yet reviewed, "Foundations of Modern Social Theory" promises to be an enlightening and profound educational experience for anyone interested in the critical examination of societal frameworks and philosophical foundations.