5.6 Types of Depression: Premenstrual Depression
Depression is a chronic psychiatric illness that affects a person's mood, feelings, thoughts and behavior. There are several types of depression, each with its specific characteristics and symptoms. One type that deserves special attention is premenstrual depression (PMD), also known as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).
What is Premenstrual Depression?
Premenstrual depression is a type of depression that occurs specifically in women and is related to the menstrual cycle. It manifests itself with severe symptoms of depression, irritability and tension before menstruation. Symptoms usually begin the week before your period and disappear a few days after your period starts. PMS is more than just the physical discomfort associated with menstruation. It is a serious medical condition that can significantly affect a woman's life.
Symptoms of Premenstrual Depression
The symptoms of PMD are similar to those of major depression, but only occur during the second half of the menstrual cycle. They may include feelings of sadness, hopelessness, anxiety, tension, extreme irritability, lack of interest in daily activities, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, changes in appetite, sleep problems, feeling overwhelmed, and physical changes such as swelling or tenderness in the breasts. .
Causes of Premenstrual Depression
The exact cause of PMD is still unknown. However, it is believed to be related to hormonal fluctuations that occur during the menstrual cycle. These changes can affect brain chemistry, including the neurotransmitters that control mood. Additionally, some factors may increase a woman's risk of developing PMD, including a history of depression or bipolar disorder, stress, and lack of physical exercise.
Diagnosis of Premenstrual Depression
Diagnosing PMS can be challenging, as the symptoms are similar to those of other types of depression and can be confused with premenstrual syndrome (PMS), which is milder. For an accurate diagnosis, it is important that symptoms are monitored over several menstrual cycles. If symptoms are severe enough to interfere with daily life and only occur during the second half of the menstrual cycle, it is likely PMS.
Treatment of Premenstrual Depression
Treatment for PMD may include medication, cognitive behavioral therapy and lifestyle changes. Medications may include antidepressants, birth control pills, and supplements. Cognitive behavioral therapy can help change negative thinking patterns and develop coping strategies. Lifestyle changes can include regular exercise, a healthy diet, adequate sleep, and reducing stress.
In summary, premenstrual depression is a type of depression that affects women and is related to the menstrual cycle. It is a serious condition that can significantly affect a woman's life, but with proper treatment, it is possible to manage the symptoms and lead a normal life.
