5.8 Types of Depression: Atypical Depression
Understanding the different types of depression is critical to properly identifying and treating this debilitating condition. Among the various types of depression, atypical depression is one of the most common and distinct forms. Although the term "atypical" may suggest that it is rare or uncommon, it is actually one of the most commonly diagnosed subtypes of depression.
What is Atypical Depression?
Atypical depression, also known as depression with atypical features, is a subtype of major depression and is distinguished by a specific set of symptoms and behaviors. The term "atypical" refers to the fact that in some ways it is "atypical" compared to classic major depression.
People with atypical depression may experience temporary improvement in mood in response to positive events. This is known as "mood reactivity." In contrast, those with classic major depression often do not experience an improvement in mood, even when good things occur.
Symptoms of Atypical Depression
In addition to mood reactivity, atypical depression is characterized by a specific set of symptoms. These include increased appetite or weight gain, hypersomnia (sleeping too much), a feeling of heaviness in the arms or legs, and rejection sensitivity that affects social or occupational relationships. These symptoms are considered "atypical" because they are the opposite of what is commonly seen in major depression, where people typically lose their appetite and have insomnia.
Diagnosis of Atypical Depression
The diagnosis of atypical depression is made by a mental health professional based on the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). To be diagnosed with atypical depression, an individual must exhibit mood reactivity in addition to two or more of the other atypical symptoms.
Treatment of Atypical Depression
Treatment for atypical depression usually involves a combination of medication and psychotherapy. Antidepressants, especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), are commonly used. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has also been shown to be effective in treating atypical depression.
In addition, lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, adequate sleep and reducing stress can also be beneficial. It is important to remember that each person is unique and what works for one may not work for another. Therefore, it is essential to work with a mental health professional to develop an individualized treatment plan.
Conclusion
Atypical depression is a common and distinctive subtype of depression. Although its symptoms may be "atypical" compared to classic major depression, they are deeply impactful for those living with this condition. Fortunately, with proper diagnosis and treatment, people with atypical depression can effectively manage their symptoms and lead healthy, productive lives.
