16.2. Occupational Hygiene: Physical agents

Occupational Hygiene is a fundamental discipline in Occupational Safety, which focuses on the prevention and control of occupational diseases. It involves the identification, evaluation and control of physical, chemical and biological agents present in the work environment that can cause illness or discomfort to workers. In this context, we will specifically discuss physical agents and their relevance in Occupational Hygiene.

Physical agents are environmental factors that can affect the health of workers due to their physical nature. They can be classified into five main categories: noise, vibration, radiation, abnormal pressures and extreme temperatures.

Noise

Noise is one of the most common physical agents encountered in the workplace. Prolonged exposure to noise can result in hearing loss, stress and other health problems. Occupational Hygiene aims to minimize exposure to noise through control measures, such as the use of hearing protectors, the implementation of acoustic barriers and the rotation of workers.

Vibration

Vibration can be a significant problem in work environments such as construction and manufacturing. Long-term exposure to vibration can cause a variety of health problems, including damage to the nervous and circulatory systems. Control measures include the use of personal protective equipment such as anti-vibration gloves and the implementation of regular breaks for workers.

Radiation

Radiation is another physical agent that can be found in the workplace, especially in industries such as healthcare, nuclear power, and scientific research. Radiation exposure can cause burns, radiation poisoning and an increased risk of cancer. Occupational Hygiene seeks to control radiation exposure through the use of personal protective equipment, such as lead aprons, and regular monitoring of radiation levels.

Abnormal pressures

Abnormal pressures are common in professions such as diving and aviation. Exposure to abnormal pressures can result in a variety of health problems, including decompression sickness and barotrauma. Control measures include proper training, use of personal protective equipment, and limiting time spent in abnormal pressure conditions.

Extreme temperatures

Exposure to extreme temperatures can be an issue in work environments such as foundries, kitchens, and outdoor workplaces. Exposure to heat can result in heat-related illnesses such as heat stroke, while exposure to cold can result in hypothermia and frostbite. Control measures include wearing appropriate clothing, taking regular breaks, and providing climate-controlled rest areas.

In short, Occupational Hygiene plays a crucial role in protecting the health and safety of workers. By identifying, assessing and controlling physical agents in the workplace, Occupational Hygiene helps to prevent occupational illnesses and promote a safer and healthier work environment.

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