16.3. Occupational Hygiene: Biological agents

Página 75

Occupational Hygiene is a discipline of fundamental importance in the field of Occupational Safety, with the primary objective of preventing occupational diseases through the recognition, evaluation and control of environmental agents present in the workplace that may cause illness, discomfort or inefficiency among workers. One of the main environmental agents that Occupational Hygiene is concerned about are biological agents.

Biological agents are organisms or their components that can cause adverse health effects to workers. They include bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and other microorganisms that may be present in the work environment and cause occupational illnesses. Biological risks can be found in several sectors, such as health, agriculture, veterinary, laboratories, among others.

The first step in controlling biological hazards is recognition. This involves identifying the biological agents present in the work environment and assessing their potential to cause disease. Recognition can be done through workplace inspections, review of workers' health records, and consultation of scientific literature and government regulations.

After recognition, biohazard assessment is the next step. The assessment involves determining the extent of workers' exposure to biological agents and evaluating possible health effects. The assessment can be done through measurements in the workplace, medical examinations, and analysis of epidemiological data.

The last step is the control of biological risks. Control involves implementing measures to reduce workers' exposure to biological agents and prevent occupational diseases. Control measures may include implementing safe work practices, using personal protective equipment, and implementing vaccination programs.

It is important to emphasize that Occupational Hygiene is not limited to the recognition, evaluation and control of biological risks. It also involves educating and training workers on biological hazards and control measures, monitoring workers' health, and evaluating the effectiveness of implemented control measures.

Biological agents pose a significant risk to the health of workers. However, through the implementation of Occupational Hygiene practices, it is possible to minimize this risk and ensure a safe and healthy work environment for all workers.

In conclusion, Occupational Hygiene plays a crucial role in preventing occupational diseases caused by biological agents. Through the recognition, evaluation and control of biological risks, together with the education and training of workers, Occupational Hygiene contributes to the promotion of health and safety in the workplace.

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