16.1. Occupational Hygiene: Chemical agents

Occupational Hygiene: Chemical Agents

Occupational Hygiene is a science dedicated to the recognition, evaluation and control of chemical agents present in the work environment that can cause illness or discomfort among workers. The main objective is to prevent exposure to these agents and thus avoid occupational diseases.

Chemical Agents

Chemical agents are substances, compounds or products that can enter the body through the respiratory route (aerosols, gases, vapours), through the skin or through ingestion. Some examples of chemical agents are: solvents, dust, fumes, pesticides, among others. These agents can be found in different work sectors, such as industries, laboratories, agriculture, among others.

Associated Risks

Exposure to chemical agents can cause a variety of health problems, depending on the type of substance, duration and intensity of exposure. Some effects may be immediate, such as eye and skin irritation, headache, nausea, and dizziness. Other effects can be long-term and include conditions such as asthma, cancer, liver and kidney disease, among others.

Recognition of Chemical Agents

The first step in controlling exposure to chemical agents is recognition. This involves identifying which chemicals are present in the work environment, what processes they are used in, how they are stored and disposed of, and who may be exposed to them. Information on the composition and risks of chemical products can be obtained through the Safety Data Sheets for Chemical Products (MSDS).

Evaluation of Chemical Agents

After identifying the chemical agents present, it is necessary to assess the exposure of workers. This can be done by measuring the levels of chemical agents in the air, on the surface of the skin or in biological samples (such as blood or urine). These measurements can help determine whether workers are being exposed to levels that may be harmful to health.

Control of Chemical Agents

There are several ways to control exposure to chemical agents. The first and most effective way is to eliminate or replace the chemical agent with a less dangerous substance. If this is not possible, other control measures may include: modifying the process to reduce the emission of the chemical agent, process isolation, ventilation, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), among others. The choice of control method depends on several factors, including the nature of the chemical agent, the intensity of exposure, the type of work and the size of the company.

Conclusion

Occupational Hygiene plays a crucial role in the prevention of occupational diseases caused by chemical agents. Through the recognition, evaluation and control of these agents, it is possible to create a safer and healthier work environment for everyone.

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