16.2. Object Orientation in C#: Classes and Objects in C#

Object orientation is a programming paradigm that uses "objects" - data structures consisting of data fields and methods together with their interactions - to design computer applications and programs. C# is an object-oriented programming language and therefore supports concepts such as classes and objects.

Classes and Objects in C#

Classes and objects are the two main components of object-oriented programming. A class is a template for creating objects in C#, and an object is an instance of a class.

Classes

A class in C# is a plan that defines the data and behavior of a specific type of object. It is composed of fields (class variables) and methods (class functions). Fields represent the state of an object, while methods define what an object can do.

Here is an example of how to define a class in C#:

public class Game
{
    // Class fields
    private string name;
    private int score;

    // Class methods
    public void SetName(string name)
    {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public string GetName()
    {
        return this.name;
    }

    public void SetScore(int score)
    {
        this.punctuation = score;
    }

    public int GetScore()
    {
        return this.punctuation;
    }
}

In this example, "Game" is the name of the class. It has two fields: "name" and "score". The class also has four methods that allow you to set and get the values ​​of these fields.

Objects

An object is an instance of a class. When you create an object of a class, the system allocates memory for all variables defined in the class and associates methods with these variables.

Here is an example of how to create an object in C#:

Game myGame = new Game();

In this example, "myGame" is an object of the "Game" class. You can use this object to access the class's fields and methods.

myGame.SetName("Super Mario");
myGame.SetScore(100);

These are examples of how to use an object to access the methods of a class.

Importance of Object Orientation in C#

Object-oriented programming is essential in C# and most other modern programming languages. It allows programmers to create more flexible, modular and reusable applications. The ability to create classes and objects also makes it easier for programmers to model the real world in their applications, which can make code easier to understand and maintain.

Conclusion

In summary, classes and objects are fundamental concepts in C# and object-oriented programming in general. A class is a template for creating objects, and an object is an instance of a class. Object-oriented programming is an essential part of game development with Unity, as it allows programmers to create code that is easier to understand, maintain, and reuse.

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19Object Orientation in C#: Inheritance and Polymorphism

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