The Public Management has a history and evolution that are intertwined with the history of the development of societies and the State. Public management, in essence, refers to the management of public entities and resources to meet the needs of the population.
Origins of Public Management
The origin of public management can be traced back to the first civilizations when leaders needed to organize and manage community resources. However, public management as we know it today began to take shape with the emergence of the modern state in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Development of Public Management
In the 19th century, with the Industrial Revolution and the growth of capitalism, public management began to develop more rapidly. The need for efficient and effective public administration has become more evident as societies become more complex and demands on public resources increase.
The principles of scientific management, developed by Frederick Taylor in the early 20th century, were applied to public management, leading to an increased emphasis on efficiency and effectiveness. During this period, public management began to become more professionalized, with the creation of schools of public administration and the introduction of formal standards and procedures.
Modernization of Public Management
In the second half of the 20th century, public management underwent a series of reforms and innovations. The "New Public Management", which emerged in the 1980s and 1990s, emphasized the importance of quality service delivery, accountability and transparency. This approach introduced private sector concepts and practices, such as human resource management, strategic planning and performance management, into public administration.
Today, public management continues to evolve to respond to the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century. Digitization, globalization, sustainability and social inclusion are some of the issues that are shaping contemporary public management.
Conclusion
In short, the history and evolution of public management reflect changes in society and the state over time. While the fundamental principles of public management - serving the public and managing public resources efficiently and effectively - remain consistent, public management practices and approaches will continue to evolve to meet the needs and challenges of an ever-changing world.
