Basic Logical Structures and Argumentation Quiz

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1. 1

   If all cats are animals, and some animals are dogs, what can we conclude?

   A Some cats are not dogs. B All cats are dogs. C No cats are animals.
2. 2

   Which statement is logically equivalent to 'If it rains, then the ground is wet'?

   A If it does not rain, then the ground is not wet. B If the ground is not wet, then it did not rain. C If the ground is wet, then it rained.
3. 3

   Assuming 'Some A are B', which of the following must be true?

   A Not all A are non-B. B All B are A. C No A are non-B.
4. 4

   If 'All sailors are navigators' is true, which of the options is false?

   A Some navigators are sailors. B There are no sailors who are non-navigators. C All navigators are sailors.
5. 5

   Which argument form is demonstrated: 'If P, then Q. P is false, so Q is false.'?

   A Modus Ponens B Fallacy of Denying the Antecedent C Modus Tollens
6. 6

   From the statements 'All flowers bloom' and 'Roses are flowers', which conclusion is valid?

   A Roses bloom. B All blooming plants are roses. C All flowers are roses.
7. 7

   What conclusion can be drawn from 'If T, then U' and 'U is false'?

   A T is true. B T is false. C If U is false, T is false.
8. 8

   In a room, there are 10 people. If every person shakes hands with every other person once, how many handshakes occur?

   A 100 B 45 C 90
9. 9

   Which statement is NOT a valid argument: 'If R, then S. Not S, therefore not R'?

   A If S, then R. Not R, therefore not S. B If R is true, then S must also be true. C If R, then S. Not S, therefore not R.
10. 10

    Which logical reasoning structure is employed when concluding 'If X then Y. X, therefore Y'?

    A Sample of affirming the consequent B Non sequitur C Modus Ponens