Shooting modes
Modern cameras come with several shooting modes, which allow the photographer to control different aspects of the photo. Some of the most common modes include Auto, Manual, Aperture Priority, Shutter Priority, and Program. Auto mode adjusts all settings for you, while Manual mode lets you control all settings. Aperture Priority and Shutter Priority modes allow you to control one aspect of exposure (aperture or shutter speed), while the camera adjusts the other to achieve correct exposure.
Exposure controls
The exposure of a photo is determined by three main settings: aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. The aperture controls the amount of light entering the camera through the lens. Shutter speed controls how long light hits the camera's sensor. And ISO controls the sensitivity of the sensor to light. By adjusting these settings, you can control the appearance of your photos.
Focus Controls
Most cameras have several focus modes to choose from. Auto Focus (AF) adjusts focus for you, while Manual Focus (MF) lets you adjust focus by rotating the focus ring on the lens. Additionally, many cameras have Continuous Auto Focus (AFC) and Auto Servo Focus (AFS) modes, which are useful for tracking moving subjects.
White balance controls
White balance is a setting that helps the camera understand what color white is under different lighting conditions. This is important because light can be different colors (or "temperatures") depending on the source. For example, sunlight is "warmer" (more red) than fluorescent light, which is "cooler" (bluer). By adjusting the white balance, you can ensure that the colors in your photos are accurate.
Flash Controls
The camera flash is a powerful light source that can be used to brighten dark scenes or fill in shadows in well-lit scenes. Most cameras allow you to control when the flash fires (for example, always, never, or only in low light) and how powerful the flash is.
Understanding these controls can seem intimidating at first, but with practice and experimentation, you'll soon feel comfortable adjusting them to get the shot you want.
