6.1. Types of Information Security Threats: Malware

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6.1. Types of Information Security Threats: Malware

Information security is a growing concern in our digitally connected society. Threats to information security are numerous and varied, and one of the most common and potentially harmful is malware.

What is Malware?

Malware is a generic term that refers to any malicious software designed to cause harm to a computer system, server, client, or computer network. The term "malware" is a combination of the words "malicious" and "software".

Types of Malware

There are a variety of types of malware, each with its own characteristics and methods of infection. Some of the most common types of malware include:

Viruses

A virus is a type of malware that attaches itself to an existing program or file on a computer system, and then spreads from one computer to another when infected programs or files are shared. Viruses can cause a variety of damage, from corrupting data to taking full control of a system.

Worms

Worms are similar to viruses in their ability to self-replicate and spread, but differ in that they do not need to attach themselves to an existing program or file to do so. Instead, worms exploit security vulnerabilities in a system to spread.

Trojans

Trojans are a type of malware that masquerade as legitimate software or are embedded in legitimate software that has been altered. Once installed on a system, trojans can perform a variety of malicious actions, such as stealing information, damaging files, or creating a backdoor in the system that allows other malware to infiltrate.

Spyware

Spyware is a type of malware that is installed on a system without the user's knowledge or consent, with the aim of collecting information about the user, his online activities and/or his browsing habits.

Ransomware

Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a user's files and then demands a ransom to decrypt them. In many cases, even if the ransom is paid, the files are not decrypted.

How is Malware Distributed?

Malware can be distributed in a number of ways, including phishing emails, infected software downloads, visits to compromised websites, and brute force attacks on vulnerable servers. Attackers can also use social engineering techniques to trick users into installing malware on their own systems.

How to Protect Against Malware?

Protecting against malware involves a combination of information security practices, including using antivirus and anti-malware software, installing security patches and updates, practicing safe web browsing habits, and educating yourself about common tactics used by attackers to distribute malware.

In short, malware is a significant threat to information security that requires constant vigilance and robust protection measures to combat. Understanding the different types of malware and how they operate is a crucial step in protecting your systems and information from these threats.

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86.2. Types of Threats to Information Security: Phishing