Surgical emergencies are critical situations that require a quick and efficient response from the medical team. Nursing plays a crucial role in this scenario, providing direct patient care and assisting the surgical team. This chapter addresses surgical emergencies and the role of nursing in their management.
Surgical emergencies are serious medical conditions that require immediate surgical intervention to save the patient's life or prevent permanent damage. Common examples include acute appendicitis, bowel obstruction, internal bleeding, severe trauma, and perforation of internal organs.
The role of nursing in surgical emergencies is vast and diverse. Before surgery, the nurse must prepare the patient for the procedure. This involves taking a complete medical history, performing a physical exam, collecting samples for laboratory testing, administering preoperative medications, and preparing the surgical site. The nurse must also educate the patient and family about what to expect before, during, and after surgery.
During surgery, the nurse plays several roles, depending on the type of surgery and the surgical team. The circulating nurse coordinates all activities in the operating room, ensuring that the environment is safe and sterile. She also monitors the patient during surgery, observing vital signs, administering medications and fluids, and communicating with the anesthetist and surgeon.
The instrumentation nurse, also known as a scrub nurse, works directly with the surgeon, passing instruments and materials and helping during the procedure. In some situations, the instrumentation nurse may be called upon to assist with technical procedures such as suturing and ligating blood vessels.
After surgery, the nurse takes care of the patient in the post-anesthesia care unit. She monitors the patient's vital signs, administers pain and nausea medications, assesses the patient's state of consciousness, and watches for signs of complications. The nurse also educates the patient and family about postoperative care, including pain management, wound care, physical activity, and diet.
In surgical emergency situations, the nurse must be able to respond quickly and effectively. She must have a sound knowledge of anatomy and physiology, technical skills in nursing procedures, effective communication skills, and the ability to make decisions under pressure. In addition, the nurse must be able to work in a team, coordinate care with other health professionals and advocate for the patient's rights and needs.
In summary, nursing plays a vital role in the management of surgical emergencies. Through their skills and knowledge, the nurse contributes to patient safety, the effectiveness of the surgery, and the successful recovery of the patient.
