MongoDB is a NoSQL database that offers high performance, high availability and easy scalability. He works on the concept of Collections and Documents. Querying documents in a MongoDB database involves using array operators and other query operators. In this section, we'll explore how to query documents using array operators in MongoDB.
Array Operators
Array operators are used to query documents in a MongoDB database that contain an array of elements. The most common array operators in MongoDB include $all, $size, $elemMatch, and others.
$all
The $all operator is used to select all documents in a collection where the value of a field is an array containing all specified elements. For example, to find all documents where the "tags" field contains all "mongodb" and "database" elements, the query would be:
db.collection.find({ tags: { $all: ["mongodb", "database"] } })
$size
The $size operator is used to select documents in a collection where the field is an array of a certain size. For example, to find all documents where the "tags" field is an array with 2 elements, the query would be:
db.collection.find({ tags: { $size: 2 } })
$elemMatch
The $elemMatch operator is used to select documents in a collection where at least one element in the array field meets all specified conditions. For example, to find all documents where the "results" field is an array that contains at least one element that is a document with the "product" field equal to "xyz" and the "score" field greater than 8, the query would be:
db.collection.find({ results: { $elemMatch: { product: "xyz", score: { $gt: 8 } } } })
Consulting documents
To query documents in a MongoDB database, you use the find() or findOne() method. The find() method returns all documents that match the query criteria, while the findOne() method returns only the first document that matches the query criteria.
For example, to find all documents in a collection that have the "status" field equal to "A", the query would be:
db.collection.find({ status: "A" })
To find the first document in a collection that has the "status" field equal to "A", the query would be:
db.collection.findOne({ status: "A" })
Additionally, you can use query operators to specify more complex conditions. For example, to find all documents in a collection that have the "status" field equal to "A" and the "qty" field less than 30, the query would be:
db.collection.find({ status: "A", qty: { $lt: 30 } })
In summary, document querying in MongoDB involves using array operators and other query operators to specify selection criteria. Additionally, you can use the find() or findOne() method to retrieve documents that match the query criteria.
