5. Principles of sterilization

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The sterilization process is one of the most crucial steps in the Sterilized Material Center (CME) in nursing. It is a procedure that ensures the elimination of all living microorganisms, including bacterial spores, from an object or surface. Understanding and correctly applying the principles of sterilization are critical to ensuring patient safety and effective treatment. Let's explore five fundamental principles of sterilization.

1. Cleaning

Prior to sterilization, all instruments and materials must be properly cleaned. Cleaning removes dirt, blood residue and other organic materials that can protect microorganisms from the action of sterilizing agents. Cleaning can be manual or automated using disinfectant washing machines. It is important to ensure that all corners, crevices and lumens of instruments are adequately cleaned, as microorganisms can hide in these places.

2. Choice of sterilization method

The choice of sterilization method depends on several factors, including the type of material to be sterilized, the nature of the microorganisms to be eliminated and the conditions available for sterilization. Sterilization methods include heat (autoclave), chemicals (ethylene oxide, hydrogen peroxide), radiation (gamma rays, electron beam), and gas (ethylene oxide). Each method has its advantages and disadvantages and should be chosen based on its effectiveness, safety, cost and availability.

3. Monitoring of sterilization

The monitoring of sterilization is a critical aspect to ensure the effectiveness of the process. This involves regularly checking sterilization conditions such as temperature, pressure and time. Biological, chemical and physical indicators are used to monitor the sterilization process. Biological indicators contain bacterial spores that are eliminated only when sterilization is effective. Chemical indicators change color or shape when exposed to sterilized conditions. Physical indicators such as thermometers and manometers measure physical conditions during sterilization.

4. Handling and storage of sterilized materials

After sterilization, materials must be handled and stored properly to prevent recontamination. Sterilized materials must be stored in a clean, dry place, protected from insects and rodents. They must be handled with clean gloves and sterilized instruments. Storage should be arranged in a way that allows for inventory rotation, using the "first in, first out" principle.

5. Training and education

Finally, ongoing education and training of CME personnel is critical to ensuring proper application of sterilization principles. Personnel should be trained in different sterilization methods, sterilization monitoring, handling and storage of sterilized materials, and infection control measures. In addition, they must be continually updated on new technologies and practices in sterilization.

In conclusion, the principles of sterilization in CME are fundamental to ensure patient safety and treatment efficacy. Proper cleaning, choosing the sterilization method, monitoring sterilization, proper handling and storage of sterilized materials, and ongoing education and training of personnel are crucial aspects of ensuring effective sterilization.

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66. Types of sterilization