Pedagogy is a science whose object of study is education, the teaching and learning process. The teacher, as an agent of this process, needs to know and understand the different pedagogical theories that underlie their practice. In this text, we will approach three important pedagogical theories: the traditional theory, the constructivist theory and the socio-interactionist theory.
Traditional Theory
Traditional theory of education is centered on the teacher, who is the source of all knowledge. The role of the student, in this perspective, is passive, that is, he receives the knowledge transmitted by the teacher. Teaching is structured, sequential and cumulative, with a focus on syllabus content. The evaluation process is based on memorization and reproduction of the content.
Traditional theory has its roots in classical education, where knowledge was seen as a set of information to be transmitted from generation to generation. Despite its limitations, such as the lack of stimulation of creativity and critical thinking, traditional theory is still prevalent in many educational systems around the world.
Constructivist Theory
Constructivist theory, on the other hand, emphasizes the active construction of knowledge by the learner. The teacher's role, in this perspective, is that of a facilitator, who creates rich and challenging learning environments that stimulate curiosity, exploration and discovery. Teaching is flexible, adapted to the student's needs and interests. The assessment process is based on individual student progress rather than normative comparisons.
Constructivist theory has its roots in cognitive psychology, particularly in the work of Jean Piaget, who saw learning as a process of adapting to the environment. Constructivist theory has been influential in educational reform, promoting more student-centered teaching approaches and active learning.
Socio-Interactionist Theory
The socio-interactionist theory sees learning as a social process, which occurs through interaction with other people. The teacher's role, in this perspective, is that of a mediator, who facilitates interaction and collaboration among students. Teaching is contextualized, related to real life and the world of students. The assessment process is based on the student's ability to apply knowledge in new and different contexts.
Socio-interactionist theory has its roots in social psychology, particularly in the work of Lev Vygotsky, who saw learning as a process of internalizing cultural tools. Socio-interactionist theory has been influential in promoting more collaborative and contextualized teaching approaches.
In conclusion, the successful teacher is the one who manages to integrate these different pedagogical theories into their practice, adapting to the needs and characteristics of their students. He is able to impart knowledge effectively, facilitate active knowledge building, and promote interaction and collaboration. He is flexible, creative, empathetic and committed to his students' learning.
