The nursing profession is grounded in a number of theories and models that help guide and improve clinical practice. These theories and models are essential for understanding the complexity of nursing care and for providing a framework for critical thinking and decision-making.
Nursing Theories
Nursing theories are organized statements that describe, explain, predict, or prescribe nursing actions and interactions. They provide a frame of reference for defining concepts and for designing health-promoting nursing interventions. There are several nursing theories, including:
- Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring: This theory emphasizes the humanity of nursing and the loving care that nursing provides. Watson believes that nursing care should focus on promoting and restoring health, preventing disease, and caring for the sick.
- Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory: Orem believes that individuals are capable of self-care and that nursing should support and educate individuals to increase their capacity for self-care.
- Callista Roy's Adaptation Theory: This theory sees the individual as a system in constant interaction with the environment and nursing as the process of promoting positive adaptation.
Nursing Models
Nursing models are abstract representations of reality that help describe, explain, or predict nursing practice. They provide a framework for nursing practice and for generating new knowledge. Some nursing models include:
- Holistic Care Model: This model views the individual as an integrated whole and emphasizes the connection between mind, body and spirit. Nursing care is focused on promoting holistic health and well-being.
- Patient-Centered Care Model: This model emphasizes the partnership between patient and nurse. Nursing care is customized to meet the patient's individual needs and preferences.
- Evidence-Based Model of Care: This model emphasizes the importance of using the best available evidence to inform nursing practice. It promotes the integration of research into clinical practice to improve patient outcomes.
In summary, nursing theories and models are valuable tools that help guide nursing practice, promote improved quality of care, and contribute to the advancement of nursing knowledge.
