19. Nervous System Diseases

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19. Nervous System Diseases

The nervous system is a complex network of nerves and cells that transmit signals between different parts of the body. It is made up of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. Unfortunately, this system is also susceptible to several diseases and conditions. In this chapter, we will discuss the most common diseases that affect the nervous system.

1. Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic disease of the central nervous system that affects communication between the brain and other parts of the body. In MS, the immune system attacks myelin, a substance that coats nerve fibers, causing inflammation and damage. This results in symptoms such as fatigue, difficulty walking, coordination and balance problems, muscle spasms, and cognitive problems.

2. Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions. It is the most common cause of dementia, a general term for loss of memory and other cognitive abilities severe enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the formation of beta-amyloid protein plaques in the brain and neurofibrillary tangles, leading to the death of brain cells.

3. Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that mainly affects motor coordination. It is caused by the loss of dopamine-producing cells in the brain, which leads to symptoms such as tremors, stiffness, slow movement and balance problems. Although Parkinson's disease is more common in older people, it can also occur in younger people.

4. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. ALS leads to loss of muscle control, which can result in difficulty speaking, eating, moving and breathing. There is currently no cure for ALS and treatment is focused on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life.

5. Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a disease of the central nervous system in which brain activity becomes abnormal, causing seizures or periods of unusual behavior, sensations and sometimes loss of consciousness. Epileptic seizures can range from brief lapses of attention or muscle movements to severe, prolonged seizures. Epilepsy can be controlled, but not cured, with medication.

6. Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA)

A stroke occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain cells of oxygen and nutrients. This can lead to brain damage, disability or death. Symptoms of stroke include paralysis or loss of muscle strength on one side of the body, problems speaking and understanding, loss of balance and coordination, and sudden loss of vision.

These are just some of the diseases that can affect the nervous system. Early detection and treatment are key to managing these conditions and preventing permanent damage. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the symptoms and seek medical attention if you or someone you know is experiencing concerning symptoms.

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2020. Diagnosis of Nervous System Diseases