Mechanical ventilation is a method of respiratory support that uses a mechanical device to assist or replace an individual's natural respiratory function. It is commonly used in patients with acute respiratory failure, chronic respiratory failure or during surgical procedures.
How Mechanical Ventilation Works
Mechanical ventilation works by delivering air into the lungs through an endotracheal tube or a face mask. Air is supplied at a controlled volume and pressure to ensure that the lungs expand properly, allowing for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The mechanical ventilator can be adjusted to deliver breaths at a specific rate (controlled breathing) or to respond to the patient's breathing efforts (assisted breathing).
Types of Mechanical Ventilation
There are several types of mechanical ventilation, including invasive and non-invasive ventilation. Invasive ventilation requires the insertion of an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy, while non-invasive ventilation uses a face or nose mask. The choice of type of ventilation depends on the patient's condition, the cause of respiratory failure and the availability of resources.
Respiratory Care
Respiratory care is a crucial part of care for mechanically ventilated patients. This includes continuous monitoring of vital signs, assessment of lung function, and airway maintenance. Respiratory care also involves aspirating secretions, administering medications, and chest physical therapy.
Aspiration of secretions is a common procedure in ventilated patients, as it helps to keep the airways clear. Medication administration may include bronchodilators to open the airways, corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, and antibiotics to treat infections. Chest physical therapy may include deep breathing exercises, chest percussion, and positioning to promote drainage of secretions.
Complications of Mechanical Ventilation
Although mechanical ventilation is a vital tool in the treatment of respiratory failure, it can also lead to complications. These can include airway or lung damage, infections, decreased cardiac output, and psychological effects such as anxiety and depression. Therefore, it is crucial that healthcare professionals closely monitor mechanically ventilated patients and take steps to minimize the risk of complications.
