Maternal and neonatal mortality is a global public health issue that demands urgent attention. In the context of a midwifery course, it is crucial to understand these concepts, as well as strategies to prevent and manage situations that can lead to these undesirable outcomes.
Maternal mortality refers to the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management. Leading causes of maternal mortality include postpartum haemorrhage, infections, birth complications, hypertension in pregnancy, and complications from unsafe abortions.
On the other hand, neonatal mortality refers to the death of a newborn within the first 28 days of life. The main causes include complications during childbirth, such as perinatal asphyxia, prematurity and neonatal infections. Neonatal mortality is a sensitive indicator of the quality of perinatal and obstetric care and the general health of a population.
Midwifes play a crucial role in reducing maternal and neonatal mortality. They are often the first point of contact for a woman during pregnancy and childbirth, and their role involves not only clinical care but also education and support for the woman and her family.
There are several strategies that midwives can adopt to help reduce maternal and newborn mortality. First, they can work to improve access to quality health care for all women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. This includes ensuring that women receive adequate antenatal care, have access to a safe place to give birth, and receive adequate postpartum care.
Second, midwives can help improve the detection and management of complications during pregnancy and childbirth. This can be done through proper screening and diagnosis, as well as implementing effective interventions such as administering medications to prevent postpartum hemorrhage.
Third, training in emergency-midwifery skills is critical for midwives. This enables them to deal with emergency situations that can lead to maternal or neonatal death, such as postpartum haemorrhage, eclampsia, and childbirth complications.
Fourth, midwives can play an important role in promoting healthy practices during pregnancy and childbirth. This may include breastfeeding promotion, advice on nutrition and hygiene, and education about danger signs that require immediate medical attention.
Finally, nurse midwives can work to improve referral systems to ensure that women and newborns in need of emergency care can be referred and transported to an appropriate health facility in a timely manner.
In summary, maternal and newborn mortality is a global public health issue that requires urgent action. Nurse midwives have a key role to play in reducing these deaths by improving access to healthcare, detecting and managing complications, training in emergency skills, promoting healthy practices and improving referral systems. With the proper education and training, they can make a significant difference in the health and well-being of women and newborns.
