27. Main diseases in the Respiratory System
Página 27
Main Diseases of the Respiratory System
The human respiratory system is a complex network of organs and tissues that work together to help deliver oxygen to the body and remove carbon dioxide. However, this system is vulnerable to a variety of diseases and conditions that can affect its function. Here are some of the most common illnesses that affect the respiratory system:
1. Asthma
Asthma is a chronic disease that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to episodes of shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing. It is usually caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
2. Bronchitis
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi, the tubes that carry air to the lungs. It can be acute or chronic and is usually caused by a viral infection.
3. Emphysema
Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that damages the air sacs in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe. It is usually caused by smoking.
4. Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease that causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs, leading to recurrent chest infections.
5. Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in the lungs, which can fill with fluid or pus. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi.
6. Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other organs.
7. Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Smoking is the main risk factor for developing this disease.
8. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a condition in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep, which can lead to daytime fatigue and other health problems.
9. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
COPD is a general term that includes conditions such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis. It is characterized by obstruction of the airways, making it difficult to breathe.
10. Pulmonary Hypertension
Pulmonary hypertension is a condition where the pressure in the arteries of the lungs is abnormally high, which can lead to heart failure.
11. Pleurisy
Pleurisy is an inflammation of the pleura, the membrane that surrounds the lungs, and can cause acute or chronic chest pain.
12. Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a disease that causes small clusters of inflammatory cells in different parts of the body, including the lungs.
13. Pneumothorax
Pneumothorax is a condition where air leaks into the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse.
14. Aspergillosis
Aspergillosis is an infection or allergic reaction caused by the Aspergillus fungus, which can affect the airways and lungs.
15. bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis is a common lower airway infection in infants and young children and is usually caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
16. Pulmonary Fibrosis
Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease in which lung tissue becomes damaged and scarred, making it difficult to breathe.
17. Legionella
Legionella is a bacterial disease that can cause a severe form of pneumonia known as Legionnaires' disease.
18. Mesothelioma
Mesothelioma is a rare type of cancer that develops in the lining of the lungs, usually due to exposure to asbestos.
19. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
ARDS is a serious condition that occurs when fluid builds up in the lungs, leading to a significant decrease in oxygenation.
20. Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Similar to ARDS in infants, this is a condition where the lungs suffer significant damage, making it difficult for them to breathe and get adequate oxygenation.
21. Silicosis
Silicosis is an occupational lung disease caused by inhaling particles of silica, a mineral found in many types of rock and soil.
22. Pneumoconiosis
Pneumoconiosis is a general term for a group of lung diseases caused by inhaling mineral or organic dust.
23. Histoplasmosis
Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection that can cause flu-like symptoms and can spread to other parts of the body.
24. Hyperventilation Syndrome
Hyperventilation syndrome occurs when the rate or depth of breathing increases, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, shortness of breath, and tingling in the hands and feet.
25. Mendelson Syndrome
Mendelson syndrome is a form of aspiration pneumonia that occurs when the gastric contents are aspirated into the lungs.
26. Pickwick Syndrome
Pickwick syndrome, also known as obesity hypoventilation syndrome, is a condition in which severe obesity causes respiratory failure.
27. Sjögren's Syndrome
Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease that can cause dry eyes and mouth, and can affect other organs and systems in the body, including the lungs.
These are just a few of the many diseases that can affect the respiratory system. If you have persistent respiratory symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Now answer the exercise about the content:
Which of the following diseases of the respiratory system is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that damages the air sacs in the lungs, making breathing difficult and is usually caused by smoking?
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