8. Larynx and Trachea

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Larynx and Trachea

Introduction

The larynx and trachea are vital parts of the human respiratory system. The larynx is a tube-shaped organ located in the upper part of the neck, while the trachea is a tube that connects the larynx to the bronchial tubes. Both play crucial roles in breathing and speech.

Larynx

The larynx, also known as the voice box, is an organ that serves as an air passage between the pharynx and the trachea. It is composed of cartilage, muscles and membranes and is divided into three parts: the supraglottis, the glottis and the subglottis.

The larynx performs several important functions, including protecting the airway during swallowing, producing sounds for speech, and regulating the flow of air to the lungs.

Function of the Larynx in Breathing

During breathing, the larynx acts as a valve that controls the flow of air into the lungs. When we breathe in, the larynx opens to allow air to enter. During exhalation, it closes to prevent air from escaping.

Function of the Larynx in Speech

The larynx is also essential for speech. It contains the vocal cords, which are two folds of muscle tissue that vibrate to produce sound when air passes through them. The tension, length and thickness of the vocal cords determine the pitch and volume of our voice.

Trachea

The trachea, also known as the wind pipe, is a tube that extends from the larynx to the bronchi. It is made up of cartilage rings that keep it open, allowing air to pass into the lungs.

The trachea is lined with tissue called ciliated epithelium. Cilia are tiny hairs that move mucus and foreign particles out of the lungs, helping to keep the airways clear.

Function of the Trachea in Breathing

The main function of the trachea is to transport inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi and then to the lungs. During expiration, it carries exhaled air from the lungs to the larynx and then out of the body.

Conclusion

In summary, the larynx and trachea are essential parts of the human respiratory system. They play crucial roles in breathing and speech, contributing to our ability to live and communicate.

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99. Lungs and Alveoli