1.13 Knowing the parts of a vehicle: Air conditioning system

One of the vital components of any vehicle that contributes to the comfort of the driver and passengers is the air conditioning system. This system not only provides cool air during the hot summer months, but also plays a crucial role in demisting the windows during the cold season. Let's explore in detail the operation and maintenance of this system.

Air conditioning system components

A vehicle's air conditioning system is made up of several components, each performing a specific function. The main components are the compressor, the condenser, the expansion valve (or orifice tube) and the evaporator.

Compressor

The compressor is often referred to as the heart of the air conditioning system. He is responsible for pumping the coolant through the system. The compressor is driven by the vehicle's engine through a belt. When the air conditioner is turned on, the compressor increases the pressure of the refrigerant and sends it to the condenser.

Condenser

The condenser is similar to a radiator and is usually located near the vehicle's radiator. It is responsible for dissipating the heat of the refrigerant that was compressed by the compressor. As the refrigerant passes through the condenser, it changes from a high pressure gas to a high pressure liquid.

Expansion valve

The expansion valve (or orifice tube) is the device that regulates the amount of refrigerant entering the evaporator. It turns the high pressure liquid into a low pressure gas.

Evaporator

The evaporator is located inside the vehicle. It is responsible for transferring heat from the air inside the vehicle to the refrigerant, which causes the refrigerant to evaporate and the air to cool. Cool air is then blown into the vehicle.

Air conditioning system maintenance

Regular maintenance of the air conditioning system is essential to ensure its proper functioning. Here are some maintenance tips.

Coolant check

The refrigerant is what allows the air conditioning system to cool the air. Over time, the coolant level can decrease, which reduces the effectiveness of the air conditioning system. It is important to regularly check the coolant level and top up if necessary.

Condenser cleaning

The condenser can become clogged with dirt and debris, which can prevent proper heat dissipation. It is important to regularly clean the condenser to ensure it can work efficiently.

Changing the air filter

The air filter removes dust and dirt particles from the air before it enters the air conditioning system. A dirty air filter can reduce the efficiency of the air conditioning system and should be replaced regularly.

In conclusion, the air conditioning system is a crucial part of any vehicle, and understanding how it works and how to maintain it can help ensure that it continues to function efficiently and provide comfort for passengers.