4.32. Introduction to HTML: basic structure, tags and attributes: Introduction to ES6+

Introduction to HTML

HyperText Markup Language, or HTML, is the standard language for creating web pages and applications. Understanding the basic structure of HTML, as well as its tags and attributes, is essential for any front-end developer.

Basic Structure

The basic structure of an HTML page consists of three main parts: the DOCTYPE, the head and the body.

• DOCTYPE: This is the first line of any HTML document. It tells the browser which version of HTML the document is using.
• Head: This section contains information about the page, such as the title that appears in the browser's title bar and links to the CSS and JavaScript files that the page uses.
• Body: This is the part of the page that users actually see. It contains all the page content such as text, images, videos, forms, and so on.

Tags and Attributes

HTML tags are the building blocks of any web page. They define the type of content that is being inserted on the page. Each tag has a specific name and is written in angle brackets (< and >).

Attributes are used to provide additional information about tags. They are included within the opening tag and usually come in name/value pairs.

For example, the link tag (<a>) is used to create links on a web page. It has an attribute called 'href' that specifies the URL of the page the link points to.

Introduction to ES6+

ES6, also known as ECMAScript 2015, is a version of JavaScript that introduced a number of new features and significant improvements to the language.

ES6+ includes all versions of ECMAScript released after ES6, including ES7 (ECMAScript 2016), ES8 (ECMAScript 2017), ES9 (ECMAScript 2018), ES10 (ECMAScript 2019), and so on.

Key features of ES6+

• Let and Const: These are new keywords introduced to declare variables. 'Let' is similar to 'var' but has block scope instead of function scope. 'Const' is used to declare constants, i.e. variables that cannot be reassigned.
• Arrow Functions: This is a new syntax for writing functions in JavaScript. They are shorter and easier to write than traditional functions.
• Promises: Promises are objects that represent the eventual result of an asynchronous operation. They are used to handle asynchronous operations in a more efficient and flexible way.

These are just some of the many new features and improvements introduced by ES6+. Learning and understanding these concepts is critical for any modern JavaScript developer.

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