9. How to build the foundation of a house

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9. How to Build the Foundation of a House

The foundation is the most crucial part of any building, as it supports the weight of the house and keeps it stable. A poorly laid foundation can lead to serious structural problems such as cracking and shifting. Therefore, it is essential to follow the correct steps to build a solid and durable foundation.

Planning

Before starting to build the foundation, it is necessary to have a detailed plan. This plan must include the exact location of the foundation, its dimensions and depth. It is also important to consider the soil type of the land. Clay soils, for example, may require a deeper foundation, while sandy soils may require a wider foundation.

Excavation

After planning, the next step is excavation. This step involves removing soil to the required depth. Excavation can be done manually, with shovels and pickaxes, or with the use of machines, such as backhoes. It is important to ensure that the excavation is done evenly to avoid any instability in the foundation.

Preparation

Once the excavation is complete, it's time to prepare the site for the foundation. This involves clearing the area, removing any debris, and leveling the ground. It is also necessary to install wooden forms, which will serve as molds for the foundation. The forms must be firm and stable to ensure the foundation is the correct shape and size.

Concreting

The next step is concreting, which involves mixing cement, sand, water and stones to form concrete. The mixture must be homogeneous and have the correct consistency to ensure the strength of the foundation. Concrete is then poured into the forms, which must be leveled and smoothed to ensure an even surface. It is essential to allow the concrete to dry completely before proceeding to the next step.

Waterproofing

Once the concrete is dry, it's time to waterproof the foundation. This step is crucial to preventing water infiltration, which can damage the foundation and cause structural problems. Waterproofing can be done by applying a waterproofing coating, which must be applied to all areas of the foundation.

Reinforcement

Finally, the last step in foundation construction is reinforcement. This step involves installing steel bars, known as rebar, into the foundation. Rebar helps reinforce the foundation and prevent cracking and shifting. They must be installed in a specific pattern to ensure maximum foundation strength.

Building a foundation is a complex and labor-intensive process that requires proper planning and careful execution. However, with the right approach, it is possible to build a foundation that is solid, durable and capable of supporting the weight of an entire house. Remember, the foundation is the foundation of your home, so it is essential that it is built correctly.

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109.1. How to Build the Foundation of a House: Choosing the Land