First aid is an emergency measure that must be applied to a person in a life-threatening situation, in order to maintain vital signs and prevent the situation from worsening, until it can be attended to by a health professional. In the case of heatstroke and dehydration, it is essential to know how to act, as these conditions can lead to serious health complications.
Sunstroke
Sunstroke is a serious condition that occurs when the body is unable to cool down after prolonged exposure to the sun. This can lead to a dangerous increase in body temperature and requires immediate medical attention.
Symptoms of Heatstroke
- High body temperature (above 39°C)
- Hot, dry, red skin
- Fast and strong pulse
- Throbbing headache
- Dizziness
- Nausea
- Mental confusion or strange behavior
- Seizures
- Loss of consciousness
First Aid for Heatstroke
If someone shows signs of heatstroke, it is important to act quickly and as follows:
- Move the person to a cooler location, preferably with shade or air conditioning.
- Try to lower the person's temperature. This can be done by putting her in a cool bath, applying cool compresses, or sprinkling cold water on her.
- Offer water or other cool liquids if the person is conscious and able to drink.
- Call medical help immediately. While waiting for help, keep trying to cool the person down.
Dehydration
Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can happen due to excessive heat, intense physical activity, illness, or not drinking enough fluids. Dehydration can be mild, moderate, or severe, depending on the amount of body fluid lost.
Symptoms of Dehydration
- Excessive thirst
- Urine of dark color and in small amount
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
- Confusion
- Dry mouth and throat
- Dry skin without elasticity
First Aid for Dehydration
If someone shows signs of dehydration, the following actions should be taken:
- Offer water or oral rehydration solutions, if available. Avoid drinks with caffeine or alcohol as they can lead to further dehydration.
- If the person is conscious and able to drink, encourage them to drink small amounts of fluid regularly.
- If dehydration appears serious (for example, if the person is confused, has very dry skin, or is not urinating), seek medical help immediately.
In both cases, heat stroke and dehydration, prevention is the best approach. This includes avoiding excessive sun exposure, wearing light clothing and sunscreen, drinking plenty of water, and replacing electrolytes lost through sweating.
