Chapter 10: Building a Basic REST API with NodeJS and ExpressJS
NodeJS, together with ExpressJS, provides a robust platform for building RESTful APIs. In this chapter, we'll cover the steps required to create a basic API from scratch.
1. Installation of NodeJS and ExpressJS
To begin with, we need to have NodeJS installed on our system. NodeJS is a JavaScript application development platform that allows the execution of JavaScript code on the server side. To install NodeJS, you can download the installer from NodeJS official website.
After installing NodeJS, we need to install ExpressJS. Express is a minimal and flexible Node.js web app framework that provides a robust set of features for web and mobile apps. To install Express, you can use npm (Node Package Manager), which is automatically installed with NodeJS. To install Express, open the terminal and type the following command: npm install express
2. Creating the basic structure of the project
After installing NodeJS and Express, the next step is to create the basic structure of our project. First, create a new folder for the project, then launch npm to create a new package.json file. The package.json file contains all the information about the project, including the project's dependencies.
To initialize npm, open the terminal, navigate to the project folder and type the following command: npm init. Follow the on-screen instructions to create the package.json file.
3. Creating the server
With the basic structure of the project in place, we can now create our server. For that, we need to create a new file called server.js in the root of our project. In this file, we are going to import Express and create a new instance of Express.
Next, let's define the port on which our server will listen. For this, we can use the listen method of Express. Finally, let's add middleware to handle HTTP requests. Middleware is a function that has access to the request object (req), the response object (res), and the next middleware in the application stack.
4. Creating the routes
With the server created, the next step is to create the routes for our API. Routes define our API endpoints, i.e. the access points that our API clients can use to interact with our API.
To create the routes, we'll use Express's Router method. Router is a middleware that allows you to define multiple routes in a single place. For each route, we can define the HTTP method it will respond to (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc.) and the function that will be executed when the route is accessed.
5. Testing the API
After creating the routes, we can test our API. For this, we can use tools like Postman or Curl. These tools allow you to send HTTP requests to our API and see the response it returns.
To test the API, simply start the server (using the node server.js command in the terminal) and then send a request to the route you want to test. If everything is working correctly, you should see your API response in the tool you are using to test.
In summary, creating a basic REST API with NodeJS and ExpressJS involves installing NodeJS and Express, creating the basic structure of the project, creating the server, defining the routes, and testing the API. While this is a basic process, it provides a solid foundation for building more complex and powerful APIs.
