14.2. Basic Korean Grammar: Pronunciation and Intonation

14.2. Basic Korean Grammar: Pronunciation and Intonation

The Korean language, known as "Hangeul", is a phonetic writing system that was created in 1443 and promulgated in 1446 by King Sejong the Great. The Korean language is notable for its distinction between formal and informal speech, as well as its complex combination of vowels and consonants.

Pronunciation

Korean pronunciation is quite different from pronunciation in other languages, especially western ones. Korean has 14 basic consonants and 10 basic vowels. The consonants are: ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅂ, ㅅ, ㅇ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ, ㅎ and the vowels are: ㅏ, ㅑ, ㅓ, ㅕ, ㅗ, ㅛ, ㅜ, ㅠ, ㅡ, ㅣ.

A unique feature of Korean pronunciation is that the sound of a consonant can change depending on where it is in the syllable. For example, the consonant ㄱ is pronounced as 'g' at the beginning of a syllable, but as 'k' at the end of a syllable.

Another important feature is the presence of tense and aspirated consonants. Tense consonants are pronounced with more force and tension on the vocal cords, while aspirated consonants are pronounced with a breath of air. For example, the consonant ㅂ is pronounced as 'b', but when it is tense (ㅃ) it is pronounced as 'pp' and when it is aspirated (ㅍ) it is pronounced as 'p'.

Intonation

Korean intonation is a crucial aspect of the language and can completely change the meaning of a word or phrase. Unlike in English, where intonation is mainly used to express emotion or emphasis, in Korean, intonation can change the meaning of a word.

For example, the word "가" (ga) can mean "to go", "he/she" or "fly" depending on the intonation. Also, intonation can be used to distinguish between a statement and a question. For example, the phrase "밥 먹었어?" (bab meogeosseo?) means "Have you eaten yet?" is said with a rising intonation at the end, but means "I already ate." is said with a falling intonation at the end.

In general, Korean intonation follows a rising and falling pattern, with intonation rising at the beginning of a phrase or clause and falling at the end. However, there are many exceptions to this rule and intonation can vary depending on the context and the speaker.

Conclusion

In summary, pronunciation and intonation are fundamental aspects of basic Korean grammar. Mastering these aspects of the language is essential for communicating effectively in Korean. While it may seem challenging at first, with practice and patience, you can become proficient in Korean pronunciation and intonation.

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