39. Basic Grammar: Expressing Possibility and Probability

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In Japanese, expressing possibility and probability is an essential part of basic grammar. When learning a new language, it is crucial to understand how to express these concepts correctly and naturally. In this chapter, we'll explore how to express possibility and probability in basic Japanese.

Expressing Possibility

To express possibility in Japanese, one of the most common ways is to use the verb 'power' which is 'dekiru' (できる). For example, if you wanted to say 'I can speak Japanese', you would say 'Nihongo ga dekiru' (日本語ができる). Note that the subject 'I' is often omitted in Japanese, but can be included for emphasis as 'Watashi wa nihongo ga dekiru' (私は日本語ができる).

Another way to express possibility is by using the auxiliary 'koto ga dekiru' (ことができる) after the dictionary form of a verb. For example, 'Taberu koto ga dekiru' (食べることができる) means 'I can eat'.

Expressing Probability

Expressing probability in Japanese involves using different verb forms and particles. A common way of expressing probability is using the potential form of verbs. For example, the potential form of the verb 'iku' (to go) is 'ikeru'. So 'Ashita wa ame ga furu kamo shirenai' (明日は雨が降るかもしれない) means 'It might rain tomorrow'.

Another way to express probability is by using the particle 'darou' (だろう) or 'deshou' (でしょう) after a verb or adjective. For example, 'Ashita wa atsui darou' (明日は暑いだろう) means 'It will probably be hot tomorrow'.

Expressing Uncertainty

In addition to expressing possibility and probability, it is important to know how to express uncertainty in Japanese. A common way to do this is by using the 'ka' (か) particle at the end of a sentence to turn it into a question. For example, 'Ashita wa ame ka' (明日は雨か) means 'Will it rain tomorrow?'.

Another way to express uncertainty is by using the expression '...ka dou ka' (...かどうか) after a sentence. For example, 'Ashita wa ame ka dou ka wakaranai' (明日は雨かどうかわからない) means 'I don't know if it will rain tomorrow or not'.

In summary, expressing possibility, probability, and uncertainty in Japanese involves the use of various verb forms and particles. With practice and study, you will be able to express these concepts easily and naturally. Remember, language mastery comes with constant practice and active use of what you've learned. So keep practicing and you will surely make progress in your Japanese study.

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