Functional Movement Screening (FMS) is a systematic approach used by physiotherapists and sports professionals to assess movement patterns and identify potential dysfunctions or asymmetries that could lead to sports injuries. This advanced diagnostic technique is crucial in the field of sports medicine as it aids in the prevention of injuries by identifying risk factors before they manifest as physical problems.
The FMS comprises a series of seven fundamental movement patterns that require a balance of mobility and stability. These movements are designed to provide observable performance of basic locomotor, manipulative, and stabilizing movements. The patterns are scored on a scale from 0 to 3, with a maximum score of 21, indicating optimal movement patterns. A score of 14 or less suggests a higher risk of injury.
- Deep Squat: This movement pattern is used to assess bilateral, symmetrical, and functional mobility of the hips, knees, and ankles. It also challenges the shoulders and thoracic spine.
- Hurdle Step: This test assesses bilateral function and stability of the hips, knees, and ankles while challenging the body’s control of the pelvis and core.
- In-line Lunge: This movement is used to assess hip and ankle mobility and stability, quadriceps flexibility, and knee stability.
- Shoulder Mobility: This test evaluates bilateral shoulder range of motion, combining internal rotation with adduction and external rotation with abduction.
- Active Straight-Leg Raise: This movement pattern assesses the ability to disassociate the lower extremity while maintaining stability in the torso.
- Trunk Stability Push-Up: This test measures the ability to stabilize the spine in an anterior and posterior plane during a closed-chain upper body movement.
- Rotary Stability: This pattern assesses multi-plane trunk stability during a combined upper and lower extremity motion.
FMS is not just about identifying limitations and asymmetries but also about providing a baseline for functional movement quality. It helps in designing personalized training and rehabilitation programs that target specific deficiencies. By focusing on improving movement patterns, athletes can enhance their performance and reduce the likelihood of injury.
Incorporating FMS into an athlete’s routine involves a comprehensive approach that includes corrective exercises tailored to address identified weaknesses. These exercises aim to restore optimal movement patterns, improve flexibility, balance, and strength, and ultimately enhance athletic performance. FMS is particularly beneficial for athletes recovering from injury, as it provides a structured pathway to return to play safely and effectively.
Furthermore, FMS serves as an educational tool for athletes, helping them understand the importance of functional movement and its impact on overall performance. By gaining insight into their movement patterns, athletes are empowered to take an active role in their training and injury prevention strategies.
