39. Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), also known as Acute Lung Injury (ALI), is a serious medical condition that occurs when fluid builds up in the lungs, leading to a significant decrease in the amount of oxygen reaching the body's organs. It is a condition that can be fatal and requires immediate medical attention.

Causes

ARDS can be caused by a variety of conditions that damage the lungs, including pneumonia, sepsis, trauma to the chest, inhalation of toxic substances, and certain medical conditions such as pancreatitis and massive blood transfusion. The resulting lung damage leads to fluid accumulation in the lungs, which prevents proper gas exchange, resulting in lower blood oxygen levels.

Symptoms

Symptoms of ARDS can include shortness of breath, rapid, wheezing, chest pressure, fatigue, fever, sweats, and skin, lips, and fingernails that turn blue or gray from lack of oxygen. Symptoms usually develop within 24 to 48 hours of the original injury or illness.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of ARDS is made through a series of tests, including physical exams, chest X-rays, blood tests and, in some cases, a bronchoscopy or a CT scan. The doctor may also perform an echocardiogram to rule out heart problems as the cause of the symptoms.

Treatment

The treatment of ARDS is focused on treating the underlying cause of the disease and improving lung function. This usually involves the use of supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation to help with breathing, medications to treat the underlying cause of the condition and prevent infections, and physical therapy to help improve lung strength and function.

Prevention

Although it is not always possible to prevent ARDS, there are several steps that can be taken to reduce the risk. This includes not smoking, avoiding exposure to toxic substances, promptly treating infections and lung conditions, and following safety guidelines to prevent chest injuries.

In summary, Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome is a serious medical condition that requires immediate medical attention. While it can be fatal, with proper treatment many people can recover completely.

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