Bariatric surgery is a complex surgical intervention that requires a multidisciplinary team, including specialized nurses. Nursing plays a crucial role in all phases of the procedure, from preoperative preparation to postoperative recovery and long-term follow-up. This chapter will explore in detail the role of nursing in bariatric surgery.
Preoperative preparation
Preoperative preparation is a crucial phase for the success of bariatric surgery. Nurses play a key role in patient education about the procedure, its implications and postoperative care. Nurses must ensure that patients fully understand the invasive nature of the surgery, the associated risks and benefits, and the lifestyle changes required after surgery.
In addition, nurses should assess the patient's overall health status, including assessment of comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. Assessment and monitoring of the patient's nutritional status is also essential, as bariatric surgery can lead to nutritional deficiencies if not properly managed.
Intraoperative performance
During surgery, nurses play a crucial role in monitoring the patient and assisting the surgical team. They are responsible for monitoring the patient's vital signs, administering medications and fluids as needed, and ensuring the surgical environment is safe and sterile.
Surgical room nurses should also be familiar with the specific equipment and techniques used in bariatric surgery, such as laparoscopy. They must be able to anticipate the needs of the surgical team and respond promptly to any complications that may arise during surgery.
Postoperative care
After surgery, nurses play a vital role in the patient's recovery and rehabilitation. They are responsible for monitoring the patient's condition, managing pain, preventing complications such as infections and thrombosis, and promoting early mobilization to speed recovery.
Nurses should also educate the patient about wound care, proper nutrition, and the need to follow a regular exercise program. They must be prepared to deal with possible psychological complications, such as depression and anxiety, which may arise due to drastic changes in lifestyle and body image.
Long-term follow-up
Long-term follow-up is an essential part of patient care undergoing bariatric surgery. Nurses should monitor the patient's progress in terms of weight loss, improvement in comorbidities, and adherence to lifestyle changes. They should also be aware of possible long-term complications such as nutritional deficiencies, psychological problems and weight regain.
In conclusion, nursing plays a key role in all phases of bariatric surgery. Through a patient-centered approach, nurses can significantly contribute to the success of surgery and the improvement of patients' quality of life.
