3.2. Wound Classification: Wound Classification by Origin
Wounds are an interruption in the continuity of the skin, which can reach deeper tissues. They can be classified in many ways, including by their origin. Understanding the source of a wound is crucial for proper and effective treatment. Below we will discuss the main sources of wounds.
Traumatic Wounds
Traumatic wounds are caused by a physical or mechanical event, such as a cut, burn, scrape, or bruise. They are common in traffic accidents, falls, physical aggression or sports activities. They can be open (where the skin is broken) or closed (such as bruises or bruises where the skin remains intact).
Surgical Wounds
Surgical wounds are those that occur as a result of surgery. They are usually clean and precise, made with a scalpel or other surgical tool. The risk of infection is minimized through aseptic techniques during surgery, but there is still a risk of postoperative complications such as infection, dehiscence (separation of wound edges) or evisceration (protrusion of organs through the wound).
Chronic Wounds
Chronic wounds are those that do not follow the normal healing process, taking more than 30 days to heal. They can be caused by various conditions such as diabetes, poor circulation, prolonged pressure (pressure sores), or due to a chronic infection. Chronic wounds require specialized and prolonged care and can have a major impact on the patient's quality of life.
Oncological Wounds
Cancer wounds are caused by malignant tumors that invade the skin and underlying tissues. They can be the first sign of cancer or they can occur in patients with advanced cancer. These wounds can be painful, odorous, and can have a major impact on a patient's quality of life.
Pressure Wounds
Pressure sores, also known as pressure ulcers or bedsores, are caused by prolonged pressure on a specific area of the body, usually where the bone is close to the skin (such as the heels, hips, elbows and the base of the skull ). They are common in people who are bedridden or who use a wheelchair for an extended period.
In short, the origin of a wound is an important factor to consider in treatment and healing. Each type of wound requires a different approach, and understanding the source can help determine the best approach. Through careful assessment and proper treatment, wounds can be effectively managed, leading to better recovery and quality of life for the patient.
For nursing professionals, it is essential to have a clear understanding of wound classification in order to provide the best possible care for patients. This understanding allows them to plan and implement effective care interventions, monitoring healing progression and adjusting the care plan as needed.
It is hoped that this chapter has provided a useful overview of the classification of wounds by origin. In the next chapters, we will discuss in detail how to treat and care for these different wounds.
